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Opening Theory

Chess Oxymoron: Hypermoderns

by NM Bill McGeary
 

Here is a chess oxymoron: Hypermoderns, as in players of the Hypermodern school or style.  At least I think it is an oxymoron.  Of course it is 70 or more years since the original "hypermoderns" roamed the planet, you know - Reti and Nimzovich.  So, trying to pick up that label today is similar to using "G-men" or "flapper".

Even so, to think that Reti and Nimzovich were ahead of their time is to ignore some relevant history.  Staunton was playing formations with fianchettos to pressure central squares at least 60 years before Reti, while Chigorin was blockading and overprotecting before Nimzovich was a small boy.


Aron Nimzovich

No, the relevance of the term hypermodern is that Reti and Nimzovich knew how to express their ideas, as well as market them.  Their presentation was so good that the ideas they were advocating were adopted by the leading players of the time and became standards of the chess world.

Today we don't label players differently by what first move they play, probably because those labels are oxymorons.



 

Spiridonov,N - Hennings,A
WchT U26 fin-A 13th Oerebro (6), 03.08.1966

1.g3 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Bg2 c6 4.b3








Move order issues in flank openings are sometimes overlooked.  Here is a prime example.  White could castle followed by d3 and Nbd2 prior to deciding to locate the Bc1 on b2, but there is a point.

With the Nf3 and a Bb2 observing e5, Black will have to go to some lengths in order to get e5 in or just be happy with the e6, d5, c6 triangle.

On the surface this appears to be a minor point, but White has limited Black's options, and so limited the number of structures that White has to consider.

4...Bg4 5.0-0 Nbd7 6.Bb2 e6 7.d3 Be7 8.Nbd2 0-0








This is a common setup.  Philosophically the battle line is drawn: White has stationed his minor pieces to observe the central squares, ala the hypermoderns, whereas Black has built a strongpoint on d5 after activating the QB outside the chain in a very classical manner.

Each side has fulfilled their goals while retaining a distinct level of flexibility.  This has a curious feel as it seems each side is striving to coerce the other into making some sort of commitment.  In a sense - shadow boxing.

The real action will start when one or both sides make contact, that is - create points where pawns can be exchanged.  This is important as it is the most common and direct way to alter factors in the position.

What are White's opportunities?  Either c4 or e4 are likely to begin some active operation.  As for Black the most likely pushes are ...e5 or a5-a4.

Any of these operations will entail some loss of flexibility, but we have reached a point where either side is happy enough with what they have and will pass on to the next phase of the game.  In a way, this is the end of the opening, which is a statement that can't easily be made in many games.

White's next move is just to define the role of the Bg4 and to pick up a small bit of space.

9.h3 Bh5 10.e4 a5 11.a3 Nc5 12.Qe2 Qc7 13.g4 Bg6 14.Ne5








Some players might consider pushing 14.e5 in order to begin a pawn storm.  There are two reasons to avoid doing this.

First, after 14.e4 Nfd7 White will have to do some contortions with the Nf3 in order to get things going as 15.h4 h5 will lead to nothing.

Second is that White pieces are better utilized with tension in the center.  What does that mean?  Which of White's bishops is better?  Neither of them, but if White were to push e5 then the Bb2 would be looking at the back of e5 while the Bg2 would be staring at the granite on d5.

White will use flexibility to increase the mobility of his minor pieces.

14...dxe4 15.dxe4 Nfd7 16.f4








Another proof of the value in not pushing e4-e5 immediately.  The advance of the f-pawn is much more orderly and effective.  To defend the Bg6 Black is compelled to make some kind of concession as 16...Nxe5 17.Bxe5 dooms it.

16...f6 17.Nxg6 hxg6 18.e5








Shutting the door.  White might have considered an advance further to the right, working for a simple pawn storm with h4-h5.  Such a plan offers Black chances based on some black square weaknesses - h4 and f4 would need protecting plus the possibility of a well times e5.

White takes a simpler route.  Black is kept to less space, has to defend weak pawns on e6 and g6, must keep an eye on d6 and will have to be aware of problems on the h1-a8 diagonal.

There still are a few black-square weaknesses, but White's command is more than enough.

18...fxe5 19.fxe5 Na4 20.Bd4 Bc5








Such moves take the appearance of increasing the defending side's chances, exchanging pieces when there is less space and all,  but the defense of d6 disappears.

21.Bxc5 Naxc5 22.Nc4 Rxf1+ 23.Rxf1 Rf8 24.Rxf8+ Nxf8








White will now get chances around the weakness of d6/e6/g6 and b7.  Some calculation of course is involved, but with no flashy tactics it is more a matter of experience in the endgame.

25.Qd2 a4 26.b4 Ncd7 27.Qd6 Qd8 28.Qd2 b5








This seems to make no sense.  28... Qc7 repeats a position we had, and forces White to make progress.  Because this is an older game it is likely that White did have something in mind, Q-g5-e7 perhaps, and was simply repeating moves to make it to the first time control at move 40.

White has a very large advantage and would probably just as well prefer to see move 40 come, adjourn the game so that it could be worked out at home, and then resume.  In any case, b5 looks very dangerous as all of the Q-side pawns become targets.

29.Na5 Qb6+ 30.Qf2








30...c5

Here is the culprit.  Black probably analyzed 30...Qxf2+ 31.Kxf2 Nxe5 32.Nxc6 when 32...Nc4 is at least fine for Black, but taking on c6 the other way with 32.Bxc6 is terminal.  In that case 32...Nxc6 33.Nxc6 and Black can't defend b5 and 32...Nc4 33.Bxb5 Nxa3 34.Bxa4 is final.

31.c3 Qc7

31...Nxe5 32.Qxc5 would still be a difficult ending for Black, but much better than what follows.  Black is focused on the Q-side pawns and misses something.

32.Nc6 cxb4 33.Ne7+ Kh8 34.Qf7 Kh7 35.g5 Qc5+ 36.Kh1  1-0









Final Position: after 36.Kh1



 

Polugaevsky,L - Malich,B
IBM Amsterdam, 1972

1.Nf3 Nf6 2.g3 d5 3.Bg2 c6 4.b3 Bg4 5.Bb2 Nbd7 6.d3 e6 7.Nbd2 Be7 8.0-0 0-0 9.e4 a5








The advance of Black's a-pawn is one of the two ways Black usually tries to initiate counterplay, the other being to get in e5.

Using the a-pawn as a probe, Black is looking to fashion an initiative on the Q-side by using White's b3 as a hook.  There really isn't any more preparation needed for Black to begin this advance, yet there are some perils.

White is looking to play more on the K-side while retaining possibilities for the Bg2 on the long diagonal.

10.a3 Ne8

White's reaction to the advance a5 is simple to be ready to meet a4 with b4 followed possibly by c4.

Black shifts back a bit and is now looking to offer an exchange of black square bishops with Bf6 and at the same time relocate the KN.

An exchange of the Bb2 would highlight weaknesses on the Q-side dark squares and appears to be a very logical idea.  The only drawback is that White will not exchange by pushing e4-e5 and Black will be losing some time.

11.h3 Bh5 12.Qe1 Nc7 13.Nd4 c5








Black's play seems too conciliatory.  13... Bf6 14. f4 c5 15.e5 is likely to be advantageous for White, but then why did Black go into the maneuver Ne8-c7?

14.Ne2 Bxe2 15.Qxe2 a4 16.f4 Nb6 17.d4








Quite a good maneuver, if a bit surprising.  White wants to open lines for the two-B's, and does so in a direct manner.

If White were to exchange e4xd5 then Black might recapture e6xd5, which limits the scope of the Bg2.  But by inducing Black to play d5xe4 White lengthens the line of the Bg2.

Anything that happens on d4 will be cleaned up for White via Nf3 and Rfd1.

17...axb3 18.cxb3 dxe4 19.Nxe4 cxd4 20.Rfd1 Nbd5 21.Rxd4








White has the advantage, but still has to a bit wary.

Currently the move f4-f5 is of particular interest as it would further weaken Blacks structure.  Because the Nd5 is pinned Black defenses with Bf6 are limited.  Further, White could just plan on b4, Rac1 and Nc5 at the right time, just kind of edging Black off the board.

Notice how White just keeps his pieces in good places, never overstretching.

21...f5 22.Nf2 Bf6 23.Rd3 Qd6 24.b4 h6 25.Re1 Qb6 26.Kh2 Kh8 27.Nd1 Qa6 28.Bxf6 Nxf6 29.Qd2 Ncd5 30.Nc3 Nxc3








Black has done well to limit White's advantage.  The f5 push looked risky, but has turned out well as Black has good squares in the center.

31.Qxc3 Rfd8 32.Red1 Rxd3 33.Rxd3 Ne4 34.Qc2 Qb6 35.Rd7 Qe3 36.Bxe4








36...Rxa3??

Greed.  Black overlooks a simple combination for White.

36...fxe4 seems adequate as 37.Qb2 Rg8 with the idea of Qf3 and advancing the e-pawn looks quite good for Black.

37.Rd8+ Kh7 38.Bxf5+








1-0



 

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